1、查看目录及文件：ls （list）
ls的命令选项
| 选项 | 含义 |
| -a | 列出所有文件，包括隐藏文件 |
| -l | 以详细格式列出 |
| -d | 列出目录信息 |
| -F | 列出文件类型 |
| -h | 以可读方式显示文件大小 |
| -i | 列出i-node节点索引号码 |
| -n | 用uid和gid表示用户名和密码 |
| -r | 倒序列出 |
| -R | 递归列出 |
| -t | 按修改时间排列 |
[user1@localhost ~]$ ls -a
. .. .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc .emacs file1 file2 file3 folder1 folder2 folder3 folder4 .lesshst .mozilla .viminfo
[user1@localhost ~]$ ls -l
total 16
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:10 file1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:26 file2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:26 file3
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder1
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder2
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder3
drwxrwxr-x 3 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:33 folder4
[user1@localhost ~]$ ls -d
.
[user1@localhost ~]$ ls -dl
drwx------ 7 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:33 .
[user1@localhost ~]$ ls -Fl
total 16
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:10 file1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:26 file2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:26 file3
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder1/
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder2/
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder3/
drwxrwxr-x 3 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:33 folder4/
[user1@localhost ~]$ ls -hl
total 16K
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:10 file1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:26 file2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:26 file3
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4.0K Feb 1 22:32 folder1
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4.0K Feb 1 22:32 folder2
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4.0K Feb 1 22:32 folder3
drwxrwxr-x 3 user1 user1 4.0K Feb 1 22:33 folder4
[user1@localhost ~]$ ls -il
total 16
393255 -rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:10 file1
393260 -rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:26 file2
393261 -rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:26 file3
393256 drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder1
393258 drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder2
393259 drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder3
393262 drwxrwxr-x 3 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:33 folder4
[user1@localhost ~]$ ls -nl
total 16
-rw-rw-r-- 1 505 505 0 Feb 1 22:10 file1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 505 505 0 Feb 1 22:26 file2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 505 505 0 Feb 1 22:26 file3
drwxrwxr-x 2 505 505 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder1
drwxrwxr-x 2 505 505 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder2
drwxrwxr-x 2 505 505 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder3
drwxrwxr-x 3 505 505 4096 Feb 1 22:33 folder4
[user1@localhost ~]$ ls -rl
total 16
drwxrwxr-x 3 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:33 folder4
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder3
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder2
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:26 file3
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:26 file2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:10 file1
[user1@localhost ~]$ ls -Rl
.:
total 16
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:10 file1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:26 file2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:26 file3
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder1
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder2
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder3
drwxrwxr-x 3 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:33 folder4
./folder1:
total 0
./folder2:
total 0
./folder3:
total 0
./folder4:
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:33 folder41
./folder4/folder41:
total 0
[user1@localhost ~]$ ls -tl
total 16
drwxrwxr-x 3 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:33 folder4
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder1
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder2
drwxrwxr-x 2 user1 user1 4096 Feb 1 22:32 folder3
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:26 file2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:26 file3
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Feb 1 22:10 file1